{"id":2110,"date":"1971-02-28T12:00:40","date_gmt":"1971-02-28T10:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/?p=2110"},"modified":"2024-01-21T12:09:16","modified_gmt":"2024-01-21T10:09:16","slug":"lettre-de-jerusalem-aleph-israeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/1971-02-28\/lettre-de-jerusalem-aleph-israeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronique Isra\u00e9lienne: Lettres de J\u00e9rusalem \u2013 Aleph Isra\u00e9li"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-189x300.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2104 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"396\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2104\" src=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-200x317.jpg 200w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-400x634.jpg 400w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-600x951.jpg 600w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-646x1024.jpg 646w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-768x1217.jpg 768w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-800x1268.jpg 800w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-969x1536.jpg 969w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-1200x1901.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small-1292x2048.jpg 1292w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/israc-5-french-front-small.jpg 1295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Le gouvernement isra\u00e9lien pose des conditions \u00e0 celui des U.S.A. \u2013 La hantise de l&#8217;opposition radicale en Isra\u00ebl \u2013 Nixon-Kissinger jouent \u00e0 la guerre par l&#8217;interm\u00e9diaire des militaristes isra\u00e9liens.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9cision du gouvernement de retourner aux n\u00e9gociations Jarring et son comportement au cours de celles-ci \u2013 que d&#8217;aucuns pr\u00e9sentent comme des \u00ab concessions \u00bb \u2013 d\u00e9noncent \u00e0 la fois la faiblesse et la force de sa position.<\/p>\n<p>La force r\u00e9side dans l&#8217;arm\u00e9e et dans le sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 qu&#8217;elle procure ; fausse s\u00e9curit\u00e9, peut-\u00eatre, mais le sentiment est r\u00e9el. En effet, dans un pays comme Isra\u00ebl il est facile pour le gouvernement de prendre telle ou telle position politique \u00e0 condition qu&#8217;elle garantisse plus de canons, plus de tanks et surtout plus de <em>Phantoms<\/em> pour l&#8217;arm\u00e9e de l&#8217;air. Sur ce plan le gouvernement d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl a obtenu de \u00ab r\u00e9els succ\u00e8s \u00bb. M\u00eame le dirigeant d&#8217;extr\u00eame droite Menahem Begin, ne peut nier que les \u00ab greniers \u00e0 armes \u00bb sont pleins \u00e0 craquer, et les armes sont de toute premi\u00e8re qualit\u00e9, parmi les meilleures que poss\u00e8de l&#8217;imp\u00e9rialisme am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n<p>Sur les autres conditions pos\u00e9es par le gouvernement isra\u00e9lien avant son retour aux n\u00e9gociations Jarring, il n&#8217;a obtenu qu&#8217;une satisfaction partielle. L&#8217;imp\u00e9rialisme US veut garder sa libert\u00e9 de man\u0153uvre. Quelles \u00e9taient les conditions :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>abandon par les Am\u00e9ricains du plan Rogers ;<\/li>\n<li>garantie par les Am\u00e9ricains de se servir de leur droit de veto au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour toute d\u00e9cision qui ne plairait pas \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl ;<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9claration d&#8217;un engagement militaire de la part des USA en cas d&#8217;intervention arm\u00e9e sovi\u00e9tique ;<\/li>\n<li>accord de fournitures d&#8217;armes \u00e0 l&#8217;arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne, \u00e0 long terme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces exigences, si elles \u00e9taient satisfaites int\u00e9gralement, auraient donn\u00e9 aux dirigeants isra\u00e9liens une libert\u00e9 de man\u0153uvre presque illimit\u00e9e. Les n\u00e9gociations Jarring n&#8217;avaient plus grande signification. Pourquoi ?<\/p>\n<p>Au moment d&#8217;arriver au stade de la d\u00e9limitation des fronti\u00e8res Isra\u00ebl pouvait insister sur des larges annexions (la bande de Gaza, J\u00e9rusalem, une partie du plateau du Golan, Charm el-Cheikh, des morceaux substantiels de la Cisjordanie). Les USA ayant abandonn\u00e9 le plan Rogers ne devaient plus intervenir pour faire pression sur Isra\u00ebl. Le r\u00e9sultat : nouveau gel des conversations.<\/p>\n<p>Si Jarring et\/ou U Thant s&#8217;adressent alors au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en exigeant que celui-ci interpr\u00e8te plus explicitement la fameuse r\u00e9solution de novembre 1967, afin d&#8217;obliger Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 retourner aux fronti\u00e8res d&#8217;avant la guerre de juin 1967, les USA interviendraient alors en interposant leur veto.<\/p>\n<p>Ensuite, si comme cons\u00e9quence du gel des n\u00e9gociations et du veto am\u00e9ricain, un nouveau danger de guerre apparaissait, alors la troisi\u00e8me exigence isra\u00e9lienne s&#8217;appliquerait: les USA d\u00e9clarant publiquement que les forces arm\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines interviendront en cas d&#8217;engagement actif des Russes aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Egyptiens. Isra\u00ebl se serait retrouv\u00e9 seul en face de l&#8217;Egypte.<\/p>\n<p>Les exigences isra\u00e9liennes n&#8217;ont \u00e9t\u00e9 satisfaites qu&#8217;en partie. L&#8217;engagement formel requis par les Isra\u00e9liens aurait enlev\u00e9 une partie de la libert\u00e9 de man\u0153uvre de l&#8217;imp\u00e9rialisme nord-am\u00e9ricain, non pas seulement au Proche-Orient, mais sur un plan mondial. Or, le gouvernement isra\u00e9lien \u00e9tait quand m\u00eame amen\u00e9 \u00e0 engager le processus de n\u00e9gociations. La presse mentionne \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard la pression am\u00e9ricaine et l&#8217;isolement international d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl. Bien s\u00fbr, ce sont l\u00e0 des donn\u00e9es permanentes, qui am\u00e8nent les dirigeants sionistes \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter leur cas avec le plus d&#8217;habilet\u00e9. Si seuls les facteurs ext\u00e9rieurs pesaient de leur poids sur le gouvernement, l&#8217;\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d&#8217;une nouvelle guerre d&#8217;agression de la part d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s proche, car au fond les int\u00e9r\u00eats isra\u00e9liens et nord-am\u00e9ricains concordent sur ce point ; le tout pour les dirigeants sionistes consiste \u00e0 trouver la bonne ouverture.<\/p>\n<p>Mais la situation int\u00e9rieure en Isra\u00ebl n&#8217;est pas comparable en 1971 \u00e0 ce qu&#8217;elle \u00e9tait en 1967. Yaakov Hazan, le num\u00e9ro deux de Mapam (l&#8217;aile dite de gauche du front travailliste) a d\u00fb l&#8217;avouer lors du d\u00e9bat \u00e0 la Knesseth sur le retour aux n\u00e9gociations Jarring : \u00ab La d\u00e9cision de ne pas retourner aux n\u00e9gociations influencera \u00e9galement la situation int\u00e9rieure en Isra\u00ebl. On remettra en question la justesse de notre cause ; on se demandera si vraiment &#8220;nous n&#8217;avons pas le choix&#8221; dans cette guerre et le sentiment que nous en sommes les responsables risque de se r\u00e9pandre. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>N&#8217;oublions pas que les dirigeants sionistes ont besoin d&#8217;un cli mat d&#8217;unit\u00e9 nationale, je dirais m\u00eame d&#8217;unanimit\u00e9 nationale, pour s&#8217;embarquer dans une aventure \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Cette unanimit\u00e9 risque de lui faire d\u00e9faut, et de plus en plus. Les r\u00e9percussions de l&#8217;affaire Goldmann du printemps dernier ont \u00e9tonn\u00e9 nos ci devants. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis 1967 une partie non n\u00e9gligeable de l&#8217;opinion publique isra\u00e9lienne, et notamment parmi la jeunesse, se d\u00e9tache de la sacro-sainte unanimit\u00e9 nationale \u2013 m\u00eame si ce n&#8217;\u00e9tait que temporaire \u2013 et met en cause l&#8217;<em>establishment <\/em>sioniste. Parall\u00e8lement, la persistance de la r\u00e9sistance palestinienne dans la bande de Gaza et les r\u00e9percussions de la r\u00e9pression isra\u00e9lienne dans ce territoire, ont eu des r\u00e9percussions inattendues, m\u00eame \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de l&#8217;arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne. Le haut commandement a \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9 de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une enqu\u00eate officielle.<\/p>\n<p>Isra\u00ebl a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9 de s&#8217;engager dans une phase de n\u00e9gociations. Toutefois ce retour ne signifie pas que l&#8217;\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d&#8217;une nouvelle guerre soit \u00e9cart\u00e9e. \u00ab Faucons \u00bb et d&#8217;accord pour dire que le retour pur et simple aux fronti\u00e8res d&#8217;avant \u00ab colombes \u00bb sont juin 1967 doit \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9, m\u00eame si le prix en est une nouvelle guerre. Le retour aux n\u00e9gociations Jarring est accompagn\u00e9 paradoxalement de rumeurs sur l&#8217;\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d&#8217;une nouvelle guerre, cons\u00e9quence \u2013 disent-ils \u2013 de l&#8217;intransigeance arabe exigeant l&#8217;abandon de toute conqu\u00eate territoriale.<\/p>\n<p>La menace d&#8217;une nouvelle guerre-\u00e9clair men\u00e9e par les Isra\u00e9liens ne d\u00e9pla\u00eet pas forc\u00e9ment \u00e0 un des courants dominants de la sc\u00e8ne politique nord-am\u00e9ricaine. Henry Kissinger, le conseiller de Nixon, passe pour affirmer que la voie de coexistence avec les Russes est pav\u00e9e de coups de poing \u00e9pisodiques, et il n&#8217;existe pas de meilleurs endroits pour cela qu&#8217;au Proche-Orient. Les revers am\u00e9ricains en Indochine peuvent et doivent avoir leur r\u00e9tablissement au Moyen-Orient, sans exiger un engagement physique de la part des Am\u00e9ricains \u2013 telle semble \u00eatre la th\u00e9orie de ce courant am\u00e9ricain. Mais on n&#8217;est pas s\u00fbr de la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 absolue des Isra\u00e9liens. M\u00eame un demi-\u00e9chec isra\u00e9lien renforcera singuli\u00e8rement la position des Russes au Proche-Orient. Entre-temps on assure \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl son armement ultra-moderne, en profusion et non pas chichement comme dans le pass\u00e9, afin de mettre le maximum des atouts de son c\u00f4t\u00e9. Tout cela se traduit aussi par une nouvelle d\u00e9nonciation de la pr\u00e9tendue \u00ab intransigeance du syst\u00e8me sovi\u00e9tique \u00bb au Proche Orient contenue dans le \u00ab message sur l&#8217;\u00e9tat du monde \u00bb annonc\u00e9 par Nixon le 25 f\u00e9vrier 1971.<\/p>\n<p>On doit donc s&#8217;attendre \u00e0 voir les choses tra\u00eener, sans exclure la possibilit\u00e9 d&#8217;une nouvelle flamb\u00e9e de guerre. Cette situation nous dicte notre ligne politique : d\u00e9fense sans d\u00e9faillance des droits nationaux palestiniens, lutte contre l&#8217;occupation et la r\u00e9pression, pr\u00e9paration des conditions pour que s&#8217;engage la lutte commune des r\u00e9volutionnaires du Proche-Orient.<\/p>\n<p>Aleph Isra\u00e9li,&nbsp;F\u00e9vrier 1970.<\/p>\n<p><strong>[<b>voir le suivant : <\/b><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/1971-02-28\/sur-les-proces-de-leningrad\/\">Sur les proc\u00e8s de L\u00e9ningrad<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 D\u00e9claration de l\u2019Organisation Socialiste Isra\u00e9lienne \u2013 Matzpen]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le gouvernement isra\u00e9lien pose des conditions \u00e0 celui des U.S.A. \\ La hantise de l&#8217;opposition radicale en Isra\u00ebl \\ Nixon-Kissinger jouent \u00e0 la guerre par l&#8217;interm\u00e9diaire des militaristes isra\u00e9liens.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,127,231],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-2110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-francais","category-israca-janvier-mars-1971-francais","tag-a-israeli"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chronique Isra\u00e9lienne: Lettres de J\u00e9rusalem \u2013 Aleph Isra\u00e9li - Matzpen.org\/English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/english\/1971-02-28\/lettre-de-jerusalem-aleph-israeli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chronique Isra\u00e9lienne: Lettres de J\u00e9rusalem \u2013 Aleph Isra\u00e9li - Matzpen.org\/English\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le gouvernement isra\u00e9lien pose des conditions \u00e0 celui des U.S.A.  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