{"id":2495,"date":"1974-01-01T23:15:04","date_gmt":"1974-01-01T21:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/?p=2495"},"modified":"2026-09-28T06:41:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T03:41:47","slug":"the-origins-of-the-councils-the-1905-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/1974-01-01\/the-origins-of-the-councils-the-1905-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 : \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u0665 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/1974\/01\/\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05e8-\u05e9\u05e2\u05e8-\u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea-220x300.png\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2189 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" 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width=\"172\">\u0645\u0646 \u0665 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u0660 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">&nbsp; \u0661\u0664\u0661\u0668\u0669<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0662\u0662\u0664\u0660\u0665<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"172\">\u0645\u0646 \u0665\u0660 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">&nbsp; \u0664\u0662\u0669\u0668<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0666\u0662\u0668\u0660\u0669<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"172\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">&nbsp; \u0667\u06f2\u0666<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0669\u0669\u0669\u0660\u0668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"172\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">&nbsp; \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f1\u06f3<\/td>\n<td width=\"168\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 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data-src=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df.png\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2497 size-full lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"462\" height=\"532\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2497 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"462\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df-200x230.png 200w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df-400x461.png 400w, https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u05de\u05d5\u05e2\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea-\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd-\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05df.png 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0665 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0667\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u067e\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 . \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0661\u0660 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 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id='fnref-2495-16' onclick='return fdfootnote_show(2495)'>16<\/a><\/sup> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 : \u00ab &#8230; \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 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left;\"><em><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f (\u0661)<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a<\/h2>\n<p>\u06f1\u06f3 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u0665<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 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\u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 . \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 . \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0665\u0660\u0660 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a .<br \/>\n\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0645 . \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 . \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0662<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a<br \/>\n&nbsp;\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\"><strong>\u0661<\/strong> <strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#8230; \u0627\u0644\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628.<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0661\u0664\u0666<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0645 : \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0661\u0661\u0664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u06f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0666<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0668\u0666<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0661\u0661\u0665<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0661\u06f2\u0663<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u06f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\"><strong>\u06f2<\/strong> <strong>&#8211; <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0665\u0660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"393\">&#8211; \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"132\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0661\u06f2\u0663<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[<span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"ar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/1974-01-01\/sultat-almajalis-table-of-contents\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>*&nbsp; *&nbsp; *<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class='footnotes' id='footnotes-2495'>\n<div class='footnotedivider'><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li id='fn-2495-1'> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0661\u0668\u0669\u0666 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-1'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-2'> Osvobojd\u00e9ni\u00e9 . \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a (Struv\u0117) . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-2'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-3'> \u0632\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0641 \u0633 . \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0643 . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-3'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-4'> Puttkamer \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0631 : \u00ab \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u00bb . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-4'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-5'> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-5'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-6'> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-6'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-7'> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-7'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-8'> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0662\u0662 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f1\u06f7 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0665 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-8'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-9'> \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c : \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0664 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-9'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-10'> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 ) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0636\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-10'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-11'> \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0632\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-11'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-12'> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f7\u06f0 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-12'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-13'> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-13'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-14'> \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062e . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-14'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-15'> \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a (\u06f2 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0665 ) \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0661\u0667 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u0665 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-15'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-16'> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u06f1\u06f9 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f7\u06f1 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-16'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-17'> (\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0668 &#8211; \u0663 &#8211; \u0661\u06f8\u06f7\u06f1 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-17'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-18'> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u060c \u06f1\u06f8 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-18'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id='fn-2495-19'> \u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06f1\u06f9\u060c \u06f1\u06f9\u06f2\u06f0 . <span class='footnotereverse'><a href='#fnref-2495-19'>&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0665 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 . \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u00bb \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,149],"tags":[159],"class_list":["post-2495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-149","tag-159"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 : \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u0665 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062d - Matzpen.org\/Arabic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/1974-01-01\/the-origins-of-the-councils-the-1905-revolution\/\" \/>\n<meta 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u00bb \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 .\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/matzpen.org\/arabic\/1974-01-01\/the-origins-of-the-councils-the-1905-revolution\/\" 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